CERN scientists have been allowed to develop a new analytical method that has been used to verify data from the CMS experiment. Narrowing down the search area for evidence of supersymmetry (SUSY)This is a hypothesis that every known particle has a “superpartner” with slightly different properties. Thus, according to SUSY, the partner of the most massive elementary particle – the t quark (high quark, real quark) – would be the s quark.
In 2021, physicists analyzed the entire dataset obtained from CMS from 2016 to 2018. They found hints that the data might contain s-quark t. In this case, “maybe” means there’s less than a 5 percent chance that the data looks the same and contains only known particles. Now it’s been determined analysis Same data using improved techniques.
The authors of the new analysis looked for evidence that pairs of st quarks were emerging, each of which should decay into a t quark and lighter quarks, or gluons, which then form hadrons and eventually coalesce into clusters of particles that form jets. The accelerator. So the end product of the decay of a pair of st quarks should be two t quarks and many jets. The problem is that the same signal is produced by one of the most common processes that occurs in the Large Hadron Collider, the production of t-quark pairs, a process that is difficult to simulate accurately, so to distinguish it from background noise it must be isolated from the existing data.
For this purpose, the ABCD technique is used. It requires two unrelated data sets to distinguish the signal from the background noise. Then, depending on the value, the data is divided into four regions (A, B, C, D). In this way, we obtain information about the region dominated by the desired signal, the region dominated by the background noise and the transition regions. Thanks to probabilistic calculations, we can isolate the background (noise) in the region dominated by the signal, using only information from the other regions.
The problem with using the ABCD technique to find s-quark t was that all the variables were correlated. The authors of the new analysis overcame this hurdle by using machine learning techniques to find variables with minimal correlations. This variable was then used to split the data into the four areas mentioned. In this way, they were able to isolate the background and significantly improve the quality of the analysis. If the signal they observed during the 2021 analysis was real, it should be clearly visible by now. However, the signal was not observed.
This means that confirmation of the supposed t-quark decay by SUSY must be sought in the mass range above 700 GeV. The authors of the new analysis are therefore eagerly awaiting data from the current LHC Run 3 campaign, which should provide more information with which to study supersymmetry.
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